Express Entry is one of Canada’s most important immigration systems for selecting skilled workers as permanent residents. Designed to be competitive, efficient, and responsive to labour market needs, Express Entry manages thousands of applications from candidates both inside and outside Canada.

While the system appears straightforward at first glance, many applicants misunderstand how Express Entry truly works—particularly how profiles are ranked, how invitations are issued, and how strategy plays a role in success. This guide explains the Express Entry Canada process step by step, helping skilled workers understand how to prepare a strong application and avoid common pitfalls.

What Is Express Entry?

Express Entry is an online application management system used by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) to select candidates for permanent residence under three federal economic immigration programs:

• Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP)
• Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP)
• Canadian Experience Class (CEC)

Rather than accepting applications on a first-come, first-served basis, Express Entry ranks candidates against one another and issues Invitations to Apply (ITAs) to those who meet specific selection criteria.

Step 1: Determining Eligibility for Express Entry

Before creating an Express Entry profile, applicants must be eligible for at least one of the three programs managed under the system. Eligibility is based on factors such as:

• Skilled work experience: Applicants should have relevant work experience in a skilled occupation, as defined by Canada’s National Occupational Classification (NOC), which helps determine eligibility and CRS points
• Education credentials
• Language proficiency in English and/or French
• Proof of funds (for certain programs)
• Intention to reside outside Quebec

Meeting minimum eligibility requirements does not guarantee an invitation; it simply allows candidates to enter the Express Entry pool.

Step 2: Creating an Express Entry Profile

Once eligibility is confirmed, candidates create an online Express Entry profile. This profile includes detailed information about:

• Age
• Education history
• Work experience: Aligned with Canada’s National Occupational Classification (NOC)
• Language test results
• Canadian work or study experience
• Family connections in Canada

Accuracy is critical at this stage. Any discrepancies between the profile and supporting documents can result in refusal later in the process.

Step 3: Understanding the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS)

All Express Entry profiles are ranked using the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS). CRS points are awarded across multiple categories, including:

• Core human capital factors (age, education, language ability, work experience)
• Spouse or partner factors (if applicable)
• Skill transferability combinations
• Additional factors such as provincial nomination, Canadian education, or valid job offers

Candidates with higher CRS scores are more likely to receive an Invitation to Apply during Express Entry draws.

Step 4: Express Entry Draws and Invitations to Apply

IRCC conducts Express Entry draws at regular intervals. For each draw, a set number of candidates are invited to apply for permanent residence. The invitations are issued to the highest-ranking candidates in the pool based on their Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) scores. The CRS score of the last candidate invited becomes the cut-off score for that draw. 

Draws may focus on:

• Specific immigration programs
• Candidates with Canadian experience
• Applicants meeting particular labour market or language needs

Receiving an ITA is a major milestone, but it is only the beginning of the formal application process.

Step 5: Submitting the Permanent Residence Application

After receiving an ITA, candidates have a limited timeframe to submit a complete permanent residence application. This includes some of the following (this is not a complete list):

• Identity documents
• Education Credential Assessments
• Language test results
• Employment reference letters
• Police certificates
• Medical examinations

Applications must be complete and accurate. Missing or incorrect information can lead to processing delays or refusals.

Step 6: Application Processing and Final Decision

Once submitted, IRCC reviews the application for eligibility, admissibility, and accuracy. Processing times vary depending on the complexity of the case and supporting documentation.

During this stage, applicants may be asked to provide additional documents or clarification. Maintaining accurate records and responding promptly is essential.

Common Challenges in the Express Entry Process

Many Express Entry applicants face challenges such as:

• Overestimating CRS scores
• Submitting weak or non-compliant reference letters
• Misunderstanding job classification requirements
• Failing to update profiles after changes in circumstances

Strategic planning and professional oversight can significantly reduce these risks.

How Express Entry Fits Into a Broader PR Strategy

Express Entry should not be viewed in isolation. For many applicants, it works best when combined with other pathways such as:

• Provincial Nominee Programs
• Employer-supported immigration options
• Temporary resident to permanent resident strategies

Understanding how Express Entry integrates with these options allows applicants to pursue multiple opportunities simultaneously.

How iCA Immigration & Talent Services Supports Express Entry Applicants

iCA Immigration & Talent Services assists Express Entry candidates at every stage of the process. Our licensed consultants provide support with:

• Eligibility and CRS assessment
• Accurate profile creation and maintenance
• Strategic pathway planning
• Employer and provincial coordination when applicable

Our integrated approach ensures that Express Entry profiles are aligned with broader immigration and settlement goals.

Conclusion: Navigating Express Entry with Confidence

The Express Entry Canada process is competitive, structured, and constantly evolving. While it offers excellent opportunities for skilled workers, success depends on preparation, accuracy, and strategic planning.

By understanding each stage of the process and seeking professional guidance when needed, applicants can improve their chances of receiving an invitation and achieving permanent residence in Canada.

If you are considering Express Entry as your pathway to permanent residence, iCA Immigration & Talent Services can help you navigate the process with clarity and confidence.



References

1. Government of Canada – Express Entry Overview
   https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry.html
2. Government of Canada – Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS)
   https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/works.html
3. Government of Canada – Federal Skilled Worker Program
   https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/federal-skilled-workers.html
4. Government of Canada – Canadian Experience Class
   https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/canadian-experience-class.html